CHANDRAYAAN-3: HISTORIC MISSION OF INDIA

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Chandrayaan 3 

Chandrayaan-3, which was successfully launched on July 14, 2023 at 2:35pm, which entered lunar orbit on 5th August ,is expected to land on the moon's surface, on August 23 2023. While the landing of Chandrayaan 3 is a proud moment for Indians, people are still afraid of the soft landing.

We already know that landing Chandrayaan 3 on the lunar surface will not be easy as the Indian spacecraft will have to overcome many key moments including gravity, orbits and more. However, ISRO scientists have made all the necessary improvements and modifications to make this historic mission a huge success.

CHANDRAYAAN - 3 MISSION

Chandrayaan-3 targets the moon's south pole, a region covered in water ice or frozen water that could serve as a source of oxygen, fuel and water for future lunar missions or a more permanent lunar colony.
Upon successful landing, Chandrayaan-3 is expected to remain operational for two weeks, conducting a series of experiments including a spectrometric analysis of the mineral composition of the lunar surface.

The Chandrayaan-3 lander is about 2 meters tall and weighs just over 1,700 kg (3,747.86 lbs), about the same as an SUV. It is designed to transport a small 26-kilogram lunar rover.

ABOUT CHANDRAYAAN 3

  • Chandrayaan 3 is the follow-up to Chandrayaan 2. The main objective of this mission is to ensure a smooth and safe landing at the south pole of the moon.
  • Chandrayaan 3 consists of an lander named Vikram and a rover named Pragyan. Vikram Lander is named after Vikram Sarabhai, the father of the Indian space program and the founder of ISRO.
  • Chandrayaan 3 will land on the lunar surface after completing its 40-day journey.
  • The Chandrayaan 3 Pragyan rover will explore the surface of the moon after a safe landing.
  • Chandrayaan 3's successful moon landing will make India the fourth country to achieve this historic feat.
  • After the successful landing of Chandrayaan 3, India will become the first country to make a soft landing on the Moon's South Pole.

OBJECTIVES OF CHANDRAYAAN -3

According to NASA, the main objectives of Chandrayaan 3 mission include the following:

  • To demonstrate Safe and Soft Landing on Lunar Surface.
  • To demonstrate Rover roving on the moon.
  • To conduct in-situ scientific experiments.

Budget of Chandrayaan 3

Chandrayaan 3 is not a very expensive mission compared to India's previous lunar missions Chandrayaan 2 and Chandrayaan 1. According to former ISRO President K. Sivan, the approved cost of this mission, which does not include the cost of the launch vehicle, is approximately Rs.250 crore; This cost includes the Land Rover and the training module for this mission. Also, the launch service costs Rs. 365 crores; Increased total budget of Chandrayaan 3 mission to Rs.615 crore.

As of December 2019, Space Agency applied for initial funding of Rs. 75 million; Of this amount, 60 million rupees will be spent on machinery, equipment and other capital expenditures. The remaining was included in the expenditure head.

CHANDRAYAAN 2

However, as we know, the Vikram Chandrayaan-3 lander is not ISRO's first attempt at a soft landing on the Moon. The Indian Space Agency attempted the same thing in 2019 with Chandrayaan-2 - once touted as India's most ambitious mission. Unfortunately, their Vikram lander and Pragyan rover crashed on the lunar surface.


Now that the Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter and Chandrayaan-3 Launch Module have established two-way communications, let's look back at what went wrong on the 978-crore unmanned mission in 2019.


The Vikram lander was originally supposed to land on a flat plain on the Moon, about 600 kilometers from its South Pole. But things don't quite go as planned. Just before landing, just 2.1 km from the surface, ISRO lost contact with the lander.

After the initial failure of the mission, there was much speculation regarding the problems the lander was experiencing and a software glitch believed to be the root cause. Since then, scientists have sought to better understand exactly what happened.

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